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Practical Issues in
Electrical Measurement on
Nanoscale Materials, Structures and Devices
Figure 4-6
Figure 4 - Effects of material being reduced from macroscopic to nanoscopic dimensions: (a) its continuous energy bands seperate into discrete energy level within the band; (b) the bandgap increases.
Figure 5 - Nanomanipulator probing of nanoscale structures: (a) microscopic view of low impedance probe contact to a carbon nanotube for direct electrical measurements; (b) photo of a nanomanipulator head assembly. (Courtesy of Zyvex Corporation.)
Figure 6 - Circuit model: (a) for the source voltage/measure current technique; (b) modified circuit illustrating the noise gain (operation amplified noise "gained up") when the impedance of the device under test is low compared to the measurement impedance.
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